What is Cognitive Development

Every child needs to be smart in their competitive world, to help him grow, read what is cognitive development.

“The goal of education is not to increase the amount of knowledge but to create the possibilities for a child to invent and discover, to create men who are capable of doing new things.” — Jean Piaget

WHAT IS COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT :

Cognitive development is the changing process of learning thought, and perception as a child develops from the stage of infancy to the scene of adulthood. As cognition develops in children, they build on prior experiences, using these to help them make sense of the world around them. Visit: Neuroscience for personality development

JEAN PIAGET (1896–1980)

• Jean Piaget had defined “schema” as ‘a repeatable, cohesive, sequence of actions possessing component actions which are governed by a core meaning and tightly interconnected.
• Piaget had come up with the idea that we build our schema, or background knowledge, based on our experiences.

PIAGET’S THEORY

• Adaptation — Cognitive development occurs through this process Adjusting to the demands of the environment and intellectualizing those adjustments
• Two facets of adaptation are-
• Assimilation — It can be described as using some already existing schema so that you can deal with a new situation or object.
• Accommodation — It happens when the already existing schema (knowledge) does not work and needs to be changed to deal with a new situation.

FOUR STAGES OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT BY JEAN PIAGET

• STAGE 1: THE SENSORIMOTOR

In the initial stages, the infants only are aware of what is immediately in front of them. They focus more on what they are seeing, what they are doing, and physical interactions with their immediate environment. Because they still don’t know how things react, they continually keep experimenting with activities like throwing or shaking things, putting things in their mouths, and learning about the world through trial and error.

• STAGE 2: PREOPERATIONAL

At this stage, children learn through the process of pretend play but still struggle with logic and taking the point of view of other people. They also often struggle with understanding the ideal of constancy.

• STAGE3: THE CONCRETE OPERATIONAL

Children at this point of development start thinking slightly more logically; however, their thinking can also be very inflexible. They incline to struggle with abstract and hypothetical concepts. At this point, kids tend to become less egocentric and start thinking about how others might feel and think. Children in this stage also start understanding that their thoughts and feelings are unique to them and that not everybody else necessarily shares their thoughts, feelings, and opinions.

• STAGE 4: THE FORMAL OPERATIONAL

The last and the final stage of Piaget’s theory talks about the ability to use deductive reasoning, an understanding of abstract ideas, and an increase in logic. Now, at this point, people become capable of seeing multiple potential solutions to problems and think more scientifically about the world around them.

“Intelligence is what you use when you don’t know what to do.” “What we see changes what we know. What we know changes what we see.” “Each time one prematurely teaches a child something he could have discovered himself, that child is kept from inventing it and consequently from understanding it completely. — Jean Piaget

SOME FACTS THAT YOU NEVER HEARD ABOUT COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN

• They learn even as babies
• Learning in young children is socially mediated
• The young child’s brain has the same structures as the adult brain
• Children think and reason mainly in the same ways as adults
• Children construct causal frameworks so that they can make sense of their experiences.
• Children at their young age, learn new words at an exponential rate
• Incremental experience is essential to learn and for knowledge construction
• Pretend play, and the imagination is essential for cognitive development
• If the bodies of the babies grew at a similarly rapid rate like their brains, they would have weighed 170 pounds within one month of age.
• Holding and stroking an infant stimulates the brain to release important hormones that allow him to grow.

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CONCLUSION

• The early years of a child in life are extremely critical to their overall development, because of which parents are worried about ensuring that their child develops the cognitive abilities they require early on.
• The reason why there is a need for cognitive development in children is that if you have a child who is below the age of 3, you may not be able to realize that your child’s brain makes 700 to 1,00 neural connections every second.

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Originally published at https://www.slideshare.net/ on May 10, 2020.